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Sulphonic Acid-Functionalized Benzimidazolium Based Poly Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid
Avinash Ganesh Khiratkar - Personal Name
Kamlesh Rudreshwar Balinge - Personal Name
Manikandan Krishnamurthy - Personal Name
K. K. Cheralathan - Personal Name
Dipesh S. Patle - Personal Name
Vishal Singh - Personal Name
Sanyam Arora - Personal Name
Pundlik Rambhau Bhagat - Personal Name
Esters of levulinic acid (LA) are bio-based compounds having widespread applications and have the remarkable potential to
be blended with commercial diesel or gasoline. In this study, a sulphonic acid-functionalized benzimidazolium based poly
ionic liquid (SAFBPIL) catalyst was prepared and characterized by NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis (C, H, N, S), TGA and
BET surface area. Brønsted acidity was determined by anion-exchange/neutralization titration method and was found to
be 5.55 mmol/g. The heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst showed an excellent thermal stability up to 270 °C. Experiments
were carried at different temperatures, LA to ethanol molar ratios, catalyst loadings and duration of the reaction in a batch
reactor. The highest conversion was obtained at 70 °C using an initial LA:ethanol molar ratio of 1:10 and a catalyst loading
of 15 wt% in 9 h. It was observed that ethyl levulinate (EL) could be effectively obtained over SAFBPIL with a selectivity
higher than 99.5%. This is due to more acidic sites exhibited on SAFBPIL catalyst under optimized conditions. Herein, we
are reporting for the first time an esterification of LA to EL using a new SAFBPIL as a catalyst. The catalyst was recycled
for five runs without significant loss of catalytic activity.
be blended with commercial diesel or gasoline. In this study, a sulphonic acid-functionalized benzimidazolium based poly
ionic liquid (SAFBPIL) catalyst was prepared and characterized by NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis (C, H, N, S), TGA and
BET surface area. Brønsted acidity was determined by anion-exchange/neutralization titration method and was found to
be 5.55 mmol/g. The heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst showed an excellent thermal stability up to 270 °C. Experiments
were carried at different temperatures, LA to ethanol molar ratios, catalyst loadings and duration of the reaction in a batch
reactor. The highest conversion was obtained at 70 °C using an initial LA:ethanol molar ratio of 1:10 and a catalyst loading
of 15 wt% in 9 h. It was observed that ethyl levulinate (EL) could be effectively obtained over SAFBPIL with a selectivity
higher than 99.5%. This is due to more acidic sites exhibited on SAFBPIL catalyst under optimized conditions. Herein, we
are reporting for the first time an esterification of LA to EL using a new SAFBPIL as a catalyst. The catalyst was recycled
for five runs without significant loss of catalytic activity.
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Subject(s)
Benzimidazolium
Sulphonic acid-functionalized
Levulinic acid
Poly ionic liquid
Esterification
Brønsted acid
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