the Member States and of the European Union, the Commission has amended and
created rules and requirements which will form part of Member states’ domestic
procedural law—and therefore will be applied by national courts—in order to
establish a more level regulatory playing field across the Union which should
facilitate and encourage private compensatory damages actions for harm caused by
EU antitrust breaches. Of course, a more level playing field means that differences
will still remain. Moreover, it will be some time before the success of the Directive
can be gauged, and further measures may be required in the future.

EB00000004115K

Available

• Private Damages Actions Under EU Competition Policy: An Exploration of the Ongoing Sea Change in Respect of Such Actions Concerning Articles 101 and 102 TFEU Infringements